To understand the challenges facing students in big city school systems, pay close attention to who lives where, who moves in, and who is forced to move out.

In his November 2020 Kappan article with Julio Angel Alicea, Pedro A. Noguera explains how structural racism, unlike pervasive interpersonal racism and racial bias, is not necessarily premised upon the actions, motivations, or beliefs of individuals. Instead, it refers to the ways in which the history of racial domination has influenced the organization and structure of society.

Noguera joins CPRE Executive Director Jonathan Supovitz on Research Minutes to discuss structural racism, how to recognize it, and what to do about it.

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